Komentaryong Sumisipi para sa Mga Bilang 26:15

A Midrashic approach to the subject of bikkurim and the words: “and you will place it in a basket.” The wealthy farmers would bring their bikkurim in baskets made of silver threads, whereas the poorer farmers would make the baskets out of bark peeled from the willow tree. Both the fruit and the basket would be presented to the priests as it is written: “the priest will take (accept) the basket from your hand.” You should pay especial attention to the spelling of the word הטנא, as its numerical value equals that of the name of G’d spelled א-ד-נ-י, =65. I will refer to this allusion and its meaning still later. The sages of the Midrash also explained (Tanchuma Ki Tavo 1) that it behooves us to compare the tremendous impact of the performance of the commandment of bikkurim in securing G’d’s goodwill with other efforts made by man to secure the grace and goodwill of his monarch. When one has a request to make of one’s king (flesh and blood), one may have to bribe liberally in order first of all to secure an audience. Even when one has spent all this money to secure the audience one does not have a guarantee that the king will grant one’s request. Compare this with the performance of the commandment of presenting the bikkurim to one’s King (G’d). Not only is a single fig, date, or stalk of grain an adequate price of admission to the presence of the Almighty in the Temple, but G’d assures us of His goodwill, seeing that the sages interpreted the wording of verse 15 in our chapter to mean that the petitioner is saying to G’d that he will not leave from the Temple precincts until he has been assured that his plea has been answered. Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai said that a heavenly echo would be heard assuring the petitioner that in the following year he would again be able to fulfill this commandment just as he had done on the present occasion. This is implied by the words of verse 16: “on this day the Lord your G’d commands you to perform these statutes, etc.” [If G’d were not willing to accept future bikkurim from the farmer why would He command him to do so again? Ed.]

ואם לא תשמעו לי, “and if you do not listen to Me, etc.” The Torah refers to the people not heeding the instruction to study Torah; it goes on to list a succession of seven different sins, each progressively more serious than the preceding one. The words ולא תעשון, “and you will not perform,” are a direct result of your failing to study Torah. The next sin which results from the previous one is that you will “despise My statutes.” The reason for this is that you do not know he reasons behind this legislation. Having reached the stage of rejecting part of My laws you will also find fault with My משפטים, social legislation, feeling revolted by them. Your negative attitude will include both such legislation involving stealing and robbery as well as regulations governing with whom you may have sexual intercourse. You, in common with the Gentiles, will find such legislation burdensome, often running counter to your natural instincts, especially when people whom you believe you love are forbidden to you as marriage partners. The Torah is aware of the impact of this legislation and this is why in verse 43, at the end of the paragraph, it repeats once more that your failure to observe these commandments is the principal cause of all the disasters predicted in this chapter.
When the Torah speaks about לבלתי עשות את כל מצותי, “not to perform all My commandments” (verse 15), this is not a repetition but means that not only will you not observe My commandments but you will try to prevent others from performing them, i.e. the words mean: ”so that they will not be performed.” The words: “all My commandments,” mean that you have reached the stage when you deny the validity of any of My laws. This accounts for the sixth of the seven sins we said are listed in the introduction to the warning of retributive action by G’d. Finally, the seventh sin is described as להפרכם את בריתי, “to breach My covenant,” i.e. you deny the essential tenets of Judaism. The verses 14-15 are a model lesson of the Talmudic axiom that “one sin brings another sin in its wake.”